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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(6): 819-823, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041434

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is rare in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Prospective surveillance was conducted over a two-year period in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The prevalence of anti-hantavirus N-antigen IgM and IgG in human serum samples was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. RESULTS: High avidity IgG was found in nine of 476 serum samples tested (from 102 patients with clinical manifestations compatible with HCPS, 124 patients with leptospirosis, and 250 healthy rural workers). CONCLUSIONS: Serologic evidence of past hantavirus infection in residents of Alagoas State indicates that hantaviruses are present in northeastern Brazil, even in areas silent for HCPS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Hantavirus Infections/diagnosis , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Rural Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(1): 117-119, Jan.-Feb. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614920

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Rodent-borne hantaviruses cause severe human diseases. We completed a serological survey of hantavirus infection in rural inhabitants of Turvo County, in the southern State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in which seropositivity for hantavirus was correlated to previous disease in the participants. METHODS: The levels of IgG antibodies to hantavirus Araraquara in the sera of 257 individuals were determined using an immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS: IgG antibodies to hantavirus were found in 2.3 percent of the participants. All seropositive participants reported previous disease with symptoms suggestive of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Human infections causing unreported cardiopulmonary syndrome probably occur in the southern State of Santa Catarina.


INTRODUÇÃO: Hantaviroses são zoonoses de roedores silvestres que causam doenças graves em seres humanos. Este trabalho mostra inquérito sorológico para hantavírus em população rural e periurbana do município de Turvo, Estado de Santa Catarina e a correlação da presença de anticorpos anti-hantavírus com a história mórbida pregressa dos indivíduos. MÉTODOS: Investigaram-se os 257 participantes do estudo quanto à presença de anticorpos IgG séricos anti-hantavírus Araraquara, por método imunoenzimático. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anticorpos anti-hantavírus na população foi de 2,3 por cento. Os soropositivos possuíam antecedente nosológico sugestivo de hantavirose pregressa. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados mostram a ocorrência de infecções por hantavírus no extremo sul de Santa Catarina.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Hantavirus Infections/epidemiology , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hantavirus Infections/diagnosis , Prevalence , Rural Population
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(1): 48-52, Jan.-Feb. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-579831

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo buscou identificar os efeitos adversos e o efeito protetor da vacina contra influenza, em idosos acima de 60 anos, aplicada pela rede pública no município de Tubarão, Santa Catarina. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma coorte prospectiva de pacientes durante o período de maio a setembro de 2008. Foram recrutados 341 idosos, sendo 289 vacinados na rede pública (VSUS) e 52 não vacinados (NV). A incidência do efeito protetor foi verificada através da comparação dos grupos VSUS com os NV. RESULTADOS: Um percentual de 22,5 por cento de pacientes apresentou pelo menos um efeito adverso. Comparando o grupo VSUS e NV quanto à incidência de sintomas gripais durante o inverno, a presença de pelo menos um sintoma foi verificada em 47 por cento e 28,8 por cento (RR = 1,11; 1,02-1,22; p = 0,0156), respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados apontam uma baixa incidência de efeitos adversos. A maior incidência de sintomas gripais no grupo VSUS comparado ao NV pode estar relacionado às características da população que costuma fazer a vacina contra influenza.


INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of adverse effects and protective effects from influenza vaccine among elderly individuals who were vaccinated through the public healthcare system in the municipality of Tubarão, State of Santa Catarina. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted between May and September 2008. A group of 341 patients was recruited, among whom 289 had been vaccinated through the public system (VSUS) and 52 had not been vaccinated (NV). The incidence of protective effects was observed by comparing the VSUS and NV groups. RESULTS: It was observed that 22.5 percent of the vaccinated subjects exhibited at least one adverse effect. Comparing the VSUS and NV groups in relation to the incidence of flu symptoms presented during the winter, at least one symptom was observed in 47 percent and 28.8 percent (RR = 1.11; 1.02-1.22; p = 0.0156), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that the incidence of adverse effects was low. The high incidence of flu symptoms in the VSUS group, in comparison with NV, may be related to the profile of subjects who are in the habit of getting vaccinated against influenza.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Incidence , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Public Sector
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(4): 348-354, jul.-ago. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555994

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome (HPCS) is an emerging serious disease in the Americas. Hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) are the causative agents of this syndrome and are mainly transmitted through inhalation of aerosols containing the excreta of wild rodents. In the Ribeirão Preto region (state of São Paulo, Brazil), HPCS has been reported since 1998, caused by the Araraquara virus (ARAV), for which Necromys lasiurus is the rodent reservoir. This study aimed to show diagnostic results relating to infection in humans and rodents, obtained at the Virology Research Center of the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, between 2005 and 2008. METHODS: HPCS was diagnosed by means of ELISA and/or RT-PCR in 11 (21.2 percent) out of 52 suspected cases, and 54.4 percent of these were fatal. Furthermore, 595 wild rodents (Necromys lasiurus, Akodon sp, Calomys tener and Oligoryzomys sp) were caught between 2005 and 2008. RESULTS: Fifteen (2.5 percent) of these rodents presented antibodies for hantavirus, as follows: Necromys lasiurus (4 percent), Calomys tener (1.9 percent) and Akodon sp (1.5 percent). Nucleotide sequences obtained through RT-PCR from one HPCS patient and one Calomys tener rodent were compared with hantavirus sequences from GenBank, which showed that both were homologous with ARAV. CONCLUSIONS: This work corroborates previous studies showing that ARAV is the hantavirus causing HPCS in the Ribeirão Preto region. It also shows that rodents infected with hantavirus represent a constant risk of transmission of this virus to man.


INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus é uma doença grave emergente nas Américas. Os hantavírus, Bunyaviridae, são os agentes causadores desta síndrome, causadas, principalmente, pela inalação de aerossóis dos dejetos de roedores silvestres. Na região de Ribeirão Preto, a SPCVH, causada pelo vírus Araraquara, tem sido diagnosticada, desde 1998. O roedor-reservatório do ARAV é o Necromys lasiurus. Este tem como objetivo mostrar os resultados de diagnósticos da infecção de humanos e roedores obtidos no Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, durante o período de 2005 a 2008. MÉTODOS: A síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus foi diagnosticada, por ELISA e/ou RT-PCR, em 11 (21,2 por cento) dos 52 casos suspeitos e destes, 54,4 por cento foram casos fatais. Além disso, também, de 2005 a 2008, foram capturados 595 roedores silvestres, Necromys lasiurus, Akodon sp, Calomys tener e Oligoryzomys sp. RESULTADOS: Quinze (2,5 por cento) destes roedores apresentaram anticorpos para hantavírus. As soropositividades intraespécie ou gênero foram 4 por cento para Necromys lasiurus, 1,9 por cento para Calomys tener e 1,5 por cento para Akodon sp. Sequências nucleotídicas, obtidas pela RT-PCR de um paciente com SPCVH e de um roedor Calomys tener, foram comparadas com sequências de hantavírus do GenBank, o que mostrou que ambas tinham homologia com o ARAV. CONCLUSÕES: Este trabalho corrobora outros estudos que mostram que o ARAV é o hantavírus causador da SPCVH, na região de Ribeirão Preto, além de mostrar que roedores infectados por hantavírus representam um risco constante de transmissão desses vírus para o homem.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Rodent Diseases/diagnosis , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/mortality , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Orthohantavirus/classification , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Alignment
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 42(3): 282-289, May-June 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-522257

ABSTRACT

A síndrome pulmonar e cardiovascular por hantavírus é doença causada pela aspiração de aerossóis dos dejetos de roedores silvestres contaminados por vírus da família Bunyaviridae. Estudamos manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais de 70 casos ocorridos de 1998 a 2007 na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP. A freqüência de sintomas foi dispnéia (87 por cento), febre (81 por cento), tosse (44 por cento), cefaléia (34 por cento), taquicardia (81 por cento), hipotensão arterial (56 por cento), hipóxia (49 por cento), acidose metabólica (57 por cento), linfocitopenia (51 por cento), hematócrito >45 por cento (70 por cento), leucocitose com desvio à esquerda (67 por cento), creatinina (51 por cento) e uréia (42 por cento) séricas elevadas. A letalidade (54,3 por cento) ocorreu principalmente no 4o dia. Insuficiência respiratória, hipotensão arterial e choque ocorreu 24-48 horas; o hematócrito elevado e a plaquetopenia são sinais fortemente sugestivos da doença. A hipótese diagnóstica de pneumonia atípica associada a bom prognóstico (p:0,0136); a infusão hídrica >2.000ml e hipotensão arterial associadas a mau prognóstico (p:0,0286 e p:0,0453).


Pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome due to hantavirus is a disease caused by inhalation of aerosols from the excreta of wild rodents contaminated by viruses of the Bunyaviridae family. We studied the clinical and laboratory manifestations of 70 cases that occurred in the region of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, between 1998 and 2007. The frequency of symptoms was as follows: dyspnea (87 percent), fever (81 percent), coughing (44 percent), headache (34 percent), tachycardia (81 percent), low arterial blood pressure (56 percent), metabolic acidosis (57 percent), lymphocytopenia (51 percent), hematocrit > 45 percent (70 percent), leukocytosis with left deviation (67 percent), creatinine (51 percent) and urea (42 percent). Mortality (54.3 percent) occurred mainly on the fourth day. Respiratory insufficiency, low arterial blood pressure and shock occurred after 24 to 48 hours. High hematocrit and decreased platelet levels were signs strongly suggestive of the disease. The diagnostic hypothesis of atypical pneumonia was associated with a good prognosis (p = 0.0136). Fluid infusion greater than 2,000 ml and arterial hypotension were associated with a poor prognosis (p = 0.0286 and p = 0.0453).


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/mortality , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/virology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/therapy , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/therapy , Incidence , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
6.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 11(6): 549-553, Dec. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476624

ABSTRACT

Induced sputum is a useful technique for assessing airway inflammation, but its role in the diagnosis of lung disease in immunosuppressed patients needs further investigation. This study compared the use of induced sputum and BAL in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis, in HIV patients. From January 1, 2001, to December 30, 2002, HIV-positive patients older than 14 were evaluated at a hospital in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Patients with respiratory symptoms for seven days or longer, with a normal or abnormal chest X-ray, and those without respiratory symptoms but with an abnormal chest X-ray, were included in the study. All patients were submitted to clinical, radiological and laboratory evaluation, after which induced sputum and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage were carried out. The samples were subjected to the following techniques: Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen staining, quantitative culture growth for pyogenic bacteria, direct staining for fungi, culture growth for mycobacteria and fungi, and Grocott-Gomori staining for Pneumocystis jiroveci, as well as total and differential cell counts. The samples with P. jiroveci were selected, as well as the samples for which no etiologic agents were observed. Forty-five patients with a mean age of 34.6, 38 male and 40 Caucasian, comprised the subjects. Interstitial infiltrate was the most frequent radiological pattern (53.3 percent). The induced sputum sensitivity was 58.8 percent, specificity 81.8 percent, predictive positive value 90.9 percent, predictive negative value 39.1 percent and accuracy 64.4 percent, for the diagnosis of pneumocystosis, compared with BAL. Based on these data, induced sputum is a useful technique for the diagnosis of pneumocystosis in HIV patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology , Pneumocystis carinii/isolation & purification , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnosis , Sputum/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/microbiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index
7.
Rev. patol. trop ; 36(3): 191-204, set.-dez. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-477330

ABSTRACT

A Síndrome Pulmonar e Cardiovascular por Hantavírus (SPCVH) é uma doença grave e com elevada taxa de letalidade. Decorrente da infecção humana por hantavírus, ela vem ocorrendo em número crescente de casos em diversos países das Américas, inclusive no Brasil. A pneumonite intersticial, o edema pulmonar e o choque cardiogênico, que caracterizam a doença, ocorrem, em grande parte, em virtude da ativação da resposta imune, especialmente linfócitos T CD8(mais) e macrófagos, ambos produtores de citocinas inflamatórias. Embora as células endoteliais, alvos da infecção viral, produzam uma resposta antiviral de interferon, muitas espécies de hantavírus podem inibir ou retardar ativamente tais respostas. Além disso, os hantavírus exercem efeito inibidor sobre receptores celulares responsáveis pela manutenção da integridade vascular. Quadros clínicos de maior gravidade também têm sido associados a elevadas cargas virais. Inversamente, anticorpos neutralizantes parecem exercer um efeito protetor contra as formas graves. Neste artigo são tratados, de forma detalhada, aspectos relevantes da patogênese da SPCVH.


Subject(s)
Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Infections , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/etiology
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